UL9540 test is mainly divided into three parts: conventional electrical test, environmental test, temperature rise test.

UL 9540 is a safety standard for energy storage systems, and doesn’t limit the types of battery systems used. This standard includes structural requirements and test requirements; UL 9540 is a national standard for the United States and Canada

The UL 9540A test report mainly evaluates the thermal runaway spread of the energy storage system from four levels, including cell, module, cabinet, and installation level tests.

UL proposes UL 9540A for fire and explosion protection of energy storage systems, and evaluates the protective measures required based on the fire characteristics of energy storage systems when thermal runaway occurs

It is suitable for the intention to install in vehicles or covered rooms, railway transformer substations and other locations, lightweight Electric Rail (LER) applications and fixed rail applications such as rail transformer substations.

These electrical energy storage systems can use the kinetic energy from the train as an energy source for recharging, this emergency power can move the vehicle to the nearest station during a power outage. And suitable for large and fixed energy storage systems, such as solar energy, wind power or UPS, etc.

For those primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries that are  used as an energy source. These batteries, includeing metallic Li or Li alloys, or Li ions, can consist of a single cell, two or more cells in series, parallel, or series/parallel. They convert chemical energy into electrical energy through irreversible or reversible chemical reactions.

Using various methods to simulate different abuses of the battery such as short circuit, overcharge, over-discharge, strike, drop, etc., to ensure that the battery will not explode, catch fire, or liquid leak under these situations above that may cause harm

Refers to Section 38.3 of Part 3 of the United Nations Manual of Tests and Criteria for the Transport of Dangerous Goods,  specially formulated by the United Nations for the transport of dangerous goods. Required that lithium batteries must pass high altitude simulation, high and low temperature cycles, vibration test, shocks before being transported, 55 ℃ external short circuit, collision test, overcharge test, forced discharge test, in order to ensure the safety of lithium battery transportation.

It is a safety standard for energy storage and industrial lithium-ion batteries, including the safety assessment of lithium-ion battery cells and battery packs, and defines the performance requirements of secondary lithium-ion battery cells and battery packs for industrial use.

The main purpose of this standard is to ensure the safe use of energy storage systems in utility companies, system integrators, operators, and end users; it also disassembles and evaluates the mutual safety of related components used in energy storage systems.

Complying with the IEC 62933-5-1 standard means that the energy storage system will reach the safety level acceptable in the market and can ensure the safety of field operations.

Specifies the safety requirements for on-site operators of energy storage systems and evaluates the surrounding environment safety issues of grid-connected ESS during operation. This safety standard applies to the entire life cycle of BESS (from initial design to decommissioning management at the end of service). Conduct a comprehensive safety assessment from a system perspective to reduce the possible risk of personal injury or equipment damage caused by electrochemical hazards.

The battery management system complies with the requirements of IEC 60730-1 Annex H, which means that the system follows the functional safety requirements for protection functions and is used to manage the charging and discharging, protection, monitoring, and other functions of the battery. 

Protection features cover a variety of battery applications, from small consumer electronics products to large industrial applications. 

These systems must ensure battery safety, performance,  and reliability to prevent overcharge and discharge, overcurrent, overtemperature, etc., while providing appropriate communication and monitoring functions. Complying with IEC 60730-1 Annex H helps ensure the battery management system can operate safely under various circumstances. It provides a unified guidance for the product design, testing, and verification process, which is important for promoting the development and application of battery technology, as well as safety-related aspects.